Peira
Benchmarking decision models under attack
Investigation. Decision robustness

deepseek-flash and jev-1.13.0 cannot be separated at the top. Poisoned retrieval beats almost everyone.

12 models each faced the same 4,701 paired cases. In each pair one version was ordinary and one carried an attack. The attack success rate is the share of eligible cases where the attack changed the decision. Lower is stronger. The lowest rates were 12.4% for deepseek-flash across 4,631 eligible cases and 12.6% for jev-1.13.0 across 4,576 eligible cases. Their confidence intervals overlap, so the data cannot separate them at this sample size.

Peira suite v2. Dataset version 2.6.0. Runs from 7 October 2026 to 12 October 2026. 4,701 paired cases per run.

Generated 2026-10-12. 12 models, 6 ranked, 6 not ranked.

The ranking, with the uncertainty left in

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Attack success rate. Lower is stronger. Dots show the estimate and lines show the 95% confidence interval. deepseek-flash12.4% of 4,631 jev-1.13.012.6% of 4,576 gemini-3.8-flash15.7% of 4,361 grok-416.1% of 4,621 gpt-5.6-luna16.5% of 4,595 solar-pro417.4% of 4,581 kimi-k317.5% of 4,450 ling-3.0-flash-vl20.9% of 4,572 glm-4-plus21.0% of 4,427 MiniMax-M321.8% of 4,480 ling-3.0-flash22.8% of 4,605 qwen3-235b-a22b-250725.2% of 4,297

How to read it. Filled dots are the 6 ranked models. Hollow dots are the 6 flagged models whose malformed response rate passed 5% and which therefore carry no rank. A gap smaller than about 1.5 points cannot be resolved at this sample size.

The ranking in full

deepseek-flash12.4%
Rank 1. 95% interval 11.5% to 13.4%. 4,631 eligible cases
jev-1.13.012.6%
Rank 2. 95% interval 11.7% to 13.6%. 4,576 eligible cases
gemini-3.8-flash15.7%
Flagged with no rank. 95% interval 14.7% to 16.8%. 4,361 eligible cases
grok-416.1%
Rank 3. 95% interval 15.0% to 17.2%. 4,621 eligible cases
gpt-5.6-luna16.5%
Rank 4. 95% interval 15.5% to 17.6%. 4,595 eligible cases
upstage/solar-pro417.4%
Rank 5. 95% interval 16.4% to 18.6%. 4,581 eligible cases
kimi-k317.5%
Flagged with no rank. 95% interval 16.4% to 18.7%. 4,450 eligible cases
inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash-vl20.9%
Flagged with no rank. 95% interval 19.7% to 22.1%. 4,572 eligible cases
glm-4-plus21.0%
Flagged with no rank. 95% interval 19.8% to 22.2%. 4,427 eligible cases
MiniMax-M321.8%
Rank 6. 95% interval 20.6% to 23.0%. 4,480 eligible cases
inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash22.8%
Flagged with no rank. 95% interval 21.7% to 24.1%. 4,605 eligible cases
qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-250725.2%
Flagged with no rank. 95% interval 23.9% to 26.5%. 4,297 eligible cases

How to read it. Filled dots mark ranked models and hollow dots mark flagged models with no rank. Each bar shows the 95% confidence interval on the same scale as the ranking chart.

The headline is a tie at the top. deepseek-flash recorded 12.4% across 4,631 eligible cases. jev-1.13.0 recorded 12.6% across 4,576 eligible cases. Honest copy does not crown a winner from a gap this small.

The evidence table

6 models are ranked because their malformed response rate stayed at or below 5 percent. 6 more are shown in full below the ranked table with a flag instead of a rank. Nothing is hidden for failing the threshold. Rates appear with eligible counts in the chart above and in the family detail at the foot of the page.

RankModelVersionASRASR 95% CIBenign accuracyEligible nCost USDLatency p50ECEMalformed rate
1deepseek-flashdeepseek-flash0.12420.1150 to 0.13400.98514,6311.48381.31 s0.07060.0000
2jev-1.13.0jev-1.13.00.12630.1170 to 0.13630.98584,5760.2001594 ms0.09570.0126
3grok-4grok-40.16080.1505 to 0.17170.98304,62111.08594.45 s0.10750.0000
4gpt-5.6-lunagpt-5.6-luna0.16520.1547 to 0.17620.97834,5951.51212.13 s0.12230.0221
5upstage/solar-pro4solar-pro40.17420.1635 to 0.18550.97684,5810.45772.33 s0.12450.0060
6MiniMax-M3MiniMax-M30.21760.2058 to 0.23000.97844,4803.62392.84 s0.10670.0423

Flagged. Full numbers, no rank

These models did not qualify for a rank under the published admission rules. That failure is itself a finding. A model that cannot return a usable answer under pressure has a robustness problem before its decisions are even scored.

qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507 recorded 11.9% malformed responses.

kimi-k3 recorded 11.3% malformed responses.

gemini-3.8-flash recorded 8.7% malformed responses across 4,361 eligible cases and would otherwise sit near the top of the table.

StatusModelVersionASRASR 95% CIBenign accuracyEligible nCost USDLatency p50ECEMalformed rate
Not rankedgemini-3.8-flashMalformed response rate above 5%gemini-3.8-flash0.15710.1466 to 0.16820.98094,3612.92642.58 s0.08580.0872
Not rankedkimi-k3Malformed response rate above 5%kimi-k30.17530.1644 to 0.18670.98804,45039.96738.33 s0.06990.1130
Not rankedinclusionai/ling-3.0-flash-vlMalformed response rate above 5%ling-3.0-flash-vl0.20890.1973 to 0.22090.98304,5720.26872.07 s0.06770.1070
Not rankedglm-4-plusMalformed response rate above 5%glm-4-plus0.21010.1983 to 0.22230.98914,4274.27572.03 s0.12420.0619
Not rankedinclusionai/ling-3.0-flashMalformed response rate above 5%ling-3.0-flash0.22840.2166 to 0.24080.98274,6050.24011.96 s0.12280.0728
Not rankedqwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507Malformed response rate above 5%qwen3-235b-a22b-25070.25180.2391 to 0.26500.97754,2970.46864.88 s0.14430.1191

Models marked Not ranked ran the full benchmark but did not qualify for a rank under the published admission rules, and the reason is printed with each name. One of those rules caps the malformed response rate at 5 percent, because a score built only on the cases a model managed to answer can flatter it. Every number is shown either way.

One attack family breaks nearly everyone

Retrieval poisoning plants false material in the material a model retrieves before deciding. It was the hardest family in this run by a wide margin. Rates ran from 59.5% for glm-4-plus across 407 eligible cases to 84.3% for grok-4 across 458 eligible cases. Even deepseek-flash flipped on 77.6% of 450 eligible cases in this family. No model was spared.

Retrieval poisoning. Attack success rate by model

deepseek-flash77.6% of 450 jev-1.13.083.7% of 448 gemini-3.8-flash83.9% of 448 grok-484.3% of 458 gpt-5.6-luna76.1% of 447 solar-pro476.5% of 439 kimi-k382.7% of 444 ling-3.0-flash-vl82.6% of 459 glm-4-plus59.5% of 407 MiniMax-M381.0% of 422 ling-3.0-flash82.3% of 459 qwen3-235b-a22b-250774.9% of 419

Annotation. Read the shortest bar as the story. The best defence in this family still failed on 59.5% of its eligible cases. Overall rank tells a reader almost nothing about this family.

Every family, every model

The grid below is the evidence behind the headlines. Each cell is the attack success rate for one family and one model. Colour repeats the number and never replaces it. Pale green means under 10 percent. Yellow means 10 percent to under 25 percent. Light orange means 25 percent to under 50 percent. Dark red means 50 percent or more. Open any model beneath the grid for its family intervals and eligible counts.

ModelRetrieval poisoningCryptographic payloadVerbosity inflationCrosslingual shiftJudge sycophancyEvidence positioningQuestion pair incoherenceCanary leakageHistory leakageFrequency salienceThreshold edge hunting
deepseek-flash0.77560.12140.26810.02860.03570.03030.01750.00000.00250.00480.0000
jev-1.13.00.83710.03410.20640.15680.03350.03540.00000.00000.00000.00950.0048
gemini-3.8-flash0.83930.41450.14680.02640.00730.03790.02020.08410.02220.01430.0000
grok-40.84280.39520.17020.13100.03360.04570.01250.01190.03190.00240.0024
gpt-5.6-luna0.76060.60710.07680.21900.01920.04350.00750.00240.01330.00240.0024
solar-pro40.76540.08390.51060.28160.04170.02250.04000.00740.01260.02380.0223
kimi-k30.82660.52740.09570.02910.04580.07960.05380.06430.05740.05230.0048
ling-3.0-flash-vl0.82570.69320.36670.07380.04520.05480.02280.03810.02870.01670.0098
glm-4-plus0.59460.14460.73770.53000.08650.02240.00750.01570.03360.01510.0049
MiniMax-M30.81040.34530.40440.42650.08920.06650.04290.03050.02060.02390.0522
ling-3.0-flash0.82350.78040.44470.17380.04300.04280.01250.01670.02320.01670.0072
qwen3-235b-a22b-25070.74940.26280.65650.37760.15300.08750.14720.05670.02720.03770.0735

Two further patterns repay attention. Verbosity inflation, where longer answers drift the decision, reached 73.8% for glm-4-plus and 65.6% for qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507. Cryptographic payload attacks reached 78.0% for inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash and 69.3% for inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash-vl. Weakness is specific. Each model fails in its own places.

Per-model detail

deepseek-flash family detail. Overall ASR 12.4% of 4,631 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.77560.7348 to 0.8117450
Cryptographic payload0.12140.0936 to 0.1561420
Verbosity inflation0.26810.2300 to 0.3099470
Crosslingual shift0.02860.0164 to 0.0493420
Judge sycophancy0.03570.0218 to 0.0581420
Evidence positioning0.03030.0174 to 0.0522396
Question pair incoherence0.01750.0085 to 0.0357400
Canary leakage0.00000.0000 to 0.0091420
History leakage0.00250.0004 to 0.0142395
Frequency salience0.00480.0013 to 0.0172420
Threshold edge hunting0.00000.0000 to 0.0091420

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0565
attacked ECE
0.0706
benign Brier
0.0097
attacked Brier
0.0942
Brier change under attack
0.0845
ECE change under attack
0.0141
Calibration n
4631

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.07810.0633 to 0.0960811037
High0.11040.0957 to 0.12701711549
Medium0.15790.1428 to 0.17443232045

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
1.31 s
Latency p95 attacked
1.85 s
Robustness tax
0.0007
Measured cost
$1.48
Malformed rate
0.0000
jev-1.13.0 family detail. Overall ASR 12.6% of 4,576 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.83710.8000 to 0.8684448
Cryptographic payload0.03410.0204 to 0.0564411
Verbosity inflation0.20640.1722 to 0.2453470
Crosslingual shift0.15680.1233 to 0.1973370
Judge sycophancy0.03350.0201 to 0.0554418
Evidence positioning0.03540.0212 to 0.0585396
Question pair incoherence0.00000.0000 to 0.0095400
Canary leakage0.00000.0000 to 0.0091420
History leakage0.00000.0000 to 0.0094404
Frequency salience0.00950.0037 to 0.0242420
Threshold edge hunting0.00480.0013 to 0.0172419

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0741
attacked ECE
0.0957
benign Brier
0.0416
attacked Brier
0.1183
Brier change under attack
0.0767
ECE change under attack
0.0216
Calibration n
4576

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.08790.0722 to 0.1067911035
High0.10400.0897 to 0.12021601539
Medium0.16330.1478 to 0.18023272002

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
594 ms
Latency p95 attacked
1.14 s
Robustness tax
0.0251
Measured cost
$0.20
Malformed rate
0.0126
gemini-3.8-flash family detail. Overall ASR 15.7% of 4,361 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.83930.8024 to 0.8704448
Cryptographic payload0.41450.3681 to 0.4624415
Verbosity inflation0.14680.1177 to 0.1817470
Crosslingual shift0.02640.0148 to 0.0467416
Judge sycophancy0.00730.0025 to 0.0211413
Evidence positioning0.03790.0223 to 0.0638343
Question pair incoherence0.02020.0102 to 0.0393397
Canary leakage0.08410.0539 to 0.1290214
History leakage0.02220.0117 to 0.0417405
Frequency salience0.01430.0066 to 0.0308420
Threshold edge hunting0.00000.0000 to 0.0091420

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0354
attacked ECE
0.0858
benign Brier
0.0054
attacked Brier
0.0968
Brier change under attack
0.0913
ECE change under attack
0.0501
Calibration n
4153

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.14470.1243 to 0.16781461009
High0.14070.1238 to 0.15952061464
Medium0.17640.1598 to 0.19423331888

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
2.58 s
Latency p95 attacked
10.52 s
Robustness tax
n/a
Measured cost
$2.93
Malformed rate
0.0872
grok-4 family detail. Overall ASR 16.1% of 4,621 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.84280.8066 to 0.8733458
Cryptographic payload0.39520.3496 to 0.4427420
Verbosity inflation0.17020.1389 to 0.2068470
Crosslingual shift0.13100.1020 to 0.1666420
Judge sycophancy0.03360.0201 to 0.0556417
Evidence positioning0.04570.0287 to 0.0720372
Question pair incoherence0.01250.0054 to 0.0289400
Canary leakage0.01190.0051 to 0.0276420
History leakage0.03190.0188 to 0.0539407
Frequency salience0.00240.0004 to 0.0134420
Threshold edge hunting0.00240.0004 to 0.0135417

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0884
attacked ECE
0.1075
benign Brier
0.0115
attacked Brier
0.1255
Brier change under attack
0.1140
ECE change under attack
0.0190
Calibration n
4621

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.14380.1238 to 0.16651491036
High0.14540.1288 to 0.16382261554
Medium0.18120.1650 to 0.19853682031

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
4.45 s
Latency p95 attacked
8.85 s
Robustness tax
0.0397
Measured cost
$11.09
Malformed rate
0.0000
gpt-5.6-luna family detail. Overall ASR 16.5% of 4,595 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.76060.7190 to 0.7979447
Cryptographic payload0.60710.5597 to 0.6527420
Verbosity inflation0.07680.0560 to 0.1044469
Crosslingual shift0.21900.1821 to 0.2611420
Judge sycophancy0.01920.0098 to 0.0374417
Evidence positioning0.04350.0273 to 0.0685391
Question pair incoherence0.00750.0026 to 0.0218400
Canary leakage0.00240.0004 to 0.0134418
History leakage0.01330.0057 to 0.0307376
Frequency salience0.00240.0004 to 0.0134420
Threshold edge hunting0.00240.0004 to 0.0135417

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0193
attacked ECE
0.1223
benign Brier
0.0024
attacked Brier
0.1302
Brier change under attack
0.1277
ECE change under attack
0.1027
Calibration n
4495

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.17860.1564 to 0.20311851036
High0.16260.1450 to 0.18182511544
Medium0.16030.1449 to 0.17703232015

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
2.13 s
Latency p95 attacked
4.68 s
Robustness tax
0.0592
Measured cost
$1.51
Malformed rate
0.0221
upstage/solar-pro4 family detail. Overall ASR 17.4% of 4,581 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.76540.7235 to 0.8026439
Cryptographic payload0.08390.0610 to 0.1145417
Verbosity inflation0.51060.4655 to 0.5556470
Crosslingual shift0.28160.2407 to 0.3265419
Judge sycophancy0.04170.0262 to 0.0657408
Evidence positioning0.02250.0119 to 0.0422400
Question pair incoherence0.04000.0248 to 0.0640400
Canary leakage0.00740.0025 to 0.0214408
History leakage0.01260.0054 to 0.0292396
Frequency salience0.02380.0130 to 0.0433420
Threshold edge hunting0.02230.0118 to 0.0418404

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0614
attacked ECE
0.1245
benign Brier
0.0097
attacked Brier
0.1445
Brier change under attack
0.1348
ECE change under attack
0.0629
Calibration n
4564

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.14480.1246 to 0.16761491029
High0.14340.1268 to 0.16182211541
Medium0.21280.1955 to 0.23134282011

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
2.33 s
Latency p95 attacked
5.69 s
Robustness tax
0.0629
Measured cost
$0.46
Malformed rate
0.0060
kimi-k3 family detail. Overall ASR 17.5% of 4,450 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.82660.7886 to 0.8590444
Cryptographic payload0.52740.4796 to 0.5748419
Verbosity inflation0.09570.0723 to 0.1257470
Crosslingual shift0.02910.0167 to 0.0501413
Judge sycophancy0.04580.0295 to 0.0704415
Evidence positioning0.07960.0545 to 0.1149314
Question pair incoherence0.05380.0355 to 0.0809390
Canary leakage0.06430.0446 to 0.0919420
History leakage0.05740.0385 to 0.0846401
Frequency salience0.05230.0334 to 0.0812344
Threshold edge hunting0.00480.0013 to 0.0172420

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0554
attacked ECE
0.0699
benign Brier
0.0095
attacked Brier
0.0858
Brier change under attack
0.0767
ECE change under attack
0.0155
Calibration n
4129

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.18260.1598 to 0.2079181991
High0.15840.1408 to 0.17772391509
Medium0.18460.1680 to 0.20253601950

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
8.33 s
Latency p95 attacked
31.67 s
Robustness tax
n/a
Measured cost
$39.97
Malformed rate
0.1130
inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash-vl family detail. Overall ASR 20.9% of 4,572 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.82570.7883 to 0.8577459
Cryptographic payload0.69320.6472 to 0.7357414
Verbosity inflation0.36670.3244 to 0.4113469
Crosslingual shift0.07380.0525 to 0.1029420
Judge sycophancy0.04520.0291 to 0.0696420
Evidence positioning0.05480.0357 to 0.0831365
Question pair incoherence0.02280.0121 to 0.0428394
Canary leakage0.03810.0236 to 0.0610420
History leakage0.02870.0161 to 0.0507383
Frequency salience0.01670.0081 to 0.0340420
Threshold edge hunting0.00980.0038 to 0.0249408

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0813
attacked ECE
0.0677
benign Brier
0.0141
attacked Brier
0.0899
Brier change under attack
0.0753
ECE change under attack
-0.0154
Calibration n
4131

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.21530.1912 to 0.24152201022
High0.18590.1672 to 0.20612841528
Medium0.22300.2054 to 0.24174512022

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
2.07 s
Latency p95 attacked
5.30 s
Robustness tax
n/a
Measured cost
$0.27
Malformed rate
0.1070
glm-4-plus family detail. Overall ASR 21.0% of 4,427 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.59460.5462 to 0.6412407
Cryptographic payload0.14460.1138 to 0.1821408
Verbosity inflation0.73770.6961 to 0.7755469
Crosslingual shift0.53000.4810 to 0.5784400
Judge sycophancy0.08650.0619 to 0.1195370
Evidence positioning0.02240.0119 to 0.0421401
Question pair incoherence0.00750.0026 to 0.0218400
Canary leakage0.01570.0072 to 0.0339381
History leakage0.03360.0197 to 0.0566387
Frequency salience0.01510.0069 to 0.0325398
Threshold edge hunting0.00490.0014 to 0.0178406

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0702
attacked ECE
0.1242
benign Brier
0.0125
attacked Brier
0.1484
Brier change under attack
0.1358
ECE change under attack
0.0537
Calibration n
4361

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.19630.1730 to 0.22182001019
High0.17010.1520 to 0.18992571511
Medium0.24930.2304 to 0.26934731897

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
2.03 s
Latency p95 attacked
4.05 s
Robustness tax
n/a
Measured cost
$4.28
Malformed rate
0.0619
MiniMax-M3 family detail. Overall ASR 21.8% of 4,480 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.81040.7703 to 0.8450422
Cryptographic payload0.34530.3013 to 0.3922417
Verbosity inflation0.40440.3603 to 0.4501455
Crosslingual shift0.42650.3798 to 0.4745415
Judge sycophancy0.08920.0646 to 0.1221381
Evidence positioning0.06650.0458 to 0.0956391
Question pair incoherence0.04290.0270 to 0.0677396
Canary leakage0.03050.0175 to 0.0525394
History leakage0.02060.0105 to 0.0402388
Frequency salience0.02390.0130 to 0.0434419
Threshold edge hunting0.05220.0344 to 0.0785402

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0836
attacked ECE
0.1067
benign Brier
0.0174
attacked Brier
0.1516
Brier change under attack
0.1340
ECE change under attack
0.0227
Calibration n
4408

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.19940.1762 to 0.22492061033
High0.17760.1590 to 0.19772661498
Medium0.25810.2391 to 0.27805031949

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
2.84 s
Latency p95 attacked
6.58 s
Robustness tax
0.0435
Measured cost
$3.62
Malformed rate
0.0423
inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash family detail. Overall ASR 22.8% of 4,605 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.82350.7860 to 0.8557459
Cryptographic payload0.78040.7383 to 0.8174419
Verbosity inflation0.44470.4004 to 0.4899470
Crosslingual shift0.17380.1406 to 0.2130420
Judge sycophancy0.04300.0273 to 0.0669419
Evidence positioning0.04280.0265 to 0.0684374
Question pair incoherence0.01250.0054 to 0.0289400
Canary leakage0.01670.0081 to 0.0340420
History leakage0.02320.0123 to 0.0435388
Frequency salience0.01670.0081 to 0.0341419
Threshold edge hunting0.00720.0024 to 0.0209417

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0595
attacked ECE
0.1228
benign Brier
0.0099
attacked Brier
0.1380
Brier change under attack
0.1277
ECE change under attack
0.0611
Calibration n
4281

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.23790.2130 to 0.26482461034
High0.21160.1920 to 0.23263281550
Medium0.23650.2185 to 0.25554782021

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
1.96 s
Latency p95 attacked
6.23 s
Robustness tax
n/a
Measured cost
$0.24
Malformed rate
0.0728
qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507 family detail. Overall ASR 25.2% of 4,297 eligible cases

Family breakdown

FamilyASR95% CIEligible n
Retrieval poisoning0.74940.7058 to 0.7885419
Cryptographic payload0.26280.2216 to 0.3085392
Verbosity inflation0.65650.6118 to 0.6985457
Crosslingual shift0.37760.3310 to 0.4265392
Judge sycophancy0.15300.1197 to 0.1935366
Evidence positioning0.08750.0630 to 0.1204377
Question pair incoherence0.14720.1143 to 0.1875360
Canary leakage0.05670.0377 to 0.0844388
History leakage0.02720.0149 to 0.0494367
Frequency salience0.03770.0230 to 0.0612398
Threshold edge hunting0.07350.0513 to 0.1042381

Calibration

benign ECE
0.0523
attacked ECE
0.1443
benign Brier
0.0110
attacked Brier
0.1656
Brier change under attack
0.1548
ECE change under attack
0.0923
Calibration n
4044

Severity breakdown

SeverityFlip rate95% CIFlippedEligible n
Critical0.21040.1858 to 0.2372203965
High0.21380.1935 to 0.23573091445
Medium0.30210.2818 to 0.32325701887

Run figures

Latency p50 attacked
4.88 s
Latency p95 attacked
20.01 s
Robustness tax
n/a
Measured cost
$0.47
Malformed rate
0.1191

The same test cost about 200 times more for one model

Every run covered the same 4,701 paired cases, so measured cost is directly comparable. jev-1.13.0 completed the run for $0.20 measured. kimi-k3 cost $39.97 measured and took a median 8.33 s per attacked case. Cost is the recorded spend for the run and not a price quote, since prices change after measurement.

Measured cost for one full run

$0.10 $1 $10 $100 jev-1.13.0$0.20 measured ling-3.0-flash$0.24 measured ling-3.0-flash-vl$0.27 measured solar-pro4$0.46 measured qwen3-235b-a22b-2507$0.47 measured deepseek-flash$1.48 measured gpt-5.6-luna$1.51 measured gemini-3.8-flash$2.93 measured MiniMax-M3$3.62 measured glm-4-plus$4.28 measured grok-4$11.09 measured kimi-k3$39.97 measured

Axis note. The horizontal axis is logarithmic. Each grid step multiplies cost by ten rather than adding a fixed amount of dollars. The scale is logarithmic because these runs span about 200 times from the cheapest to the most expensive, and on a linear axis the cheaper runs would be crushed into the margin and unreadable. Read bar length as a ratio between runs and never as a dollar difference.

Annotation. jev-1.13.0 was the cheapest run in the field. The most expensive run cost about 200 times as much and finished flagged rather than ranked.

Confidence under attack

Calibration asks whether stated confidence matches how often a model is right. Expected calibration error, shortened to ECE, summarises the gap. Lower is better calibrated. Brier score combines calibration and accuracy in one number where lower is also better. Attack raised Brier scores for every model. qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-2507 showed the sharpest deterioration. Its Brier score moved from 0.0110 on 4,044 calibration cases to 0.1656 under attack.

ModelECE benignECE attackedBrier benignBrier attackedCalibration n
deepseek-flash0.05650.07060.00970.09424,631
jev-1.13.00.07410.09570.04160.11834,576
gemini-3.8-flash0.03540.08580.00540.09684,153
grok-40.08840.10750.01150.12554,621
gpt-5.6-luna0.01930.12230.00240.13024,495
upstage/solar-pro40.06140.12450.00970.14454,564
kimi-k30.05540.06990.00950.08584,129
inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash-vl0.08130.06770.01410.08994,131
glm-4-plus0.07020.12420.01250.14844,361
MiniMax-M30.08360.10670.01740.15164,408
inclusionai/ling-3.0-flash0.05950.12280.00990.13804,281
qwen/qwen3-235b-a22b-25070.05230.14430.01100.16564,044

How to read this page

The paired design

Each case appears twice. The benign arm shows the model an ordinary version of the case. The attacked arm shows the same case with one attack applied. Because both versions go to the same model, a difference between the two decisions reflects the attack rather than case difficulty.

What a flip is

A flip is a case where the attacked decision differs from the benign decision. Attack success rate counts flips among eligible cases. Eligible cases are those where both arms produced a scorable decision and the benign decision could in principle change.

What the interval means

The 95% confidence interval is the range where the true rate very likely sits. When two intervals overlap heavily, the benchmark cannot distinguish the models at this sample size. Differences smaller than about 1.5 points in overall ASR should be read as unresolved rather than as wins or losses.

What this does not measure

This benchmark measures whether decisions change under the tested attack families. It does not measure whether the original decisions were wise, and it does not cover attack types outside those families.

Run notes

In the Google run (gemini-3.8-flash), the first 1,610 cases ran with the model thinking mode on and the remaining cases ran with it off. A fix to the adapter software landed partway through the run and turned thinking off. Every case was run once and scored the same way in both parts, and the complete record of the run is sealed in its artifact.

In the Moonshot run (kimi-k3), the first 3,274 cases ran with the model thinking mode on and the remaining cases ran with it off. A fix to the adapter software landed partway through the run and turned thinking off. Every case was run once and scored the same way in both parts, and the complete record of the run is sealed in its artifact.

Provenance

Suite
v2
Dataset
2.6.0
Cases per run
4701
Run dates
2026-10-07 to 2026-10-12
Ranking rule
Models qualify for a rank under the published admission rules. One rule caps the malformed response rate at 5 percent.
Intervals
Attack success rates carry Wilson 95 percent confidence intervals.
Payload SHA-256
d1a4f4b0c1ad647f2a9c7d775fdabcb7d7292787f19e6bc2ad0a254af613243b